In the ’60s the press officer, as they were then mostly called, was a facilitator.
For this reporter, who turned out to be the last full-time shipping cadet on The Sydney Morning Herald, the press officer organised the celebrity-of-the-voyage for interview by the maritime media, who was trapped on board pending arrival at the wharf and the subsequently lengthy Customs clearance process.
We boarded, sometimes by Jacob’s ladders, off the Customs launch outside the heads, perusing the list of ‘candidates’ provided by the press officer as we approached, under cover of pre-dawn darkness, the ocean liners, where in due course, the chosen would be wheeled out, to be done, or done over.
But as ‘Granny’ purged or ‘cleansed’ its rounds, so the relationship between press officers as facilitators or ‘servants’ of the media began to evolve.
In the later ’60s and into the ’70s and early ’80s an airline PR was the person the aviation reporter had to ring up to ensure the editor was upgraded. They had gained the upper hand over aviation reporters in that failure meant going back to the Flemington markets to report fruit and vegetable prices. Or picture editing.
By the ’80s the process of PR was much more sophisticated than today. PR was not aimed at getting stories about the client into the media at all. It was about getting stories critical of the client’s competitor into the media. No one ever wrote a story about TAA that wasn’t from a tip off from Ansett-ANA and vice versa. Qantas PR wasn’t about lovely seats and Royal Barge experiences for the rich, it was about lobbying, through the media, to influence Canberra concerning the evils of deregulation, and Asian carriers.
Well, that was until James Strong came along at TAA and turned it into Australian, and who understood the changes that would shape the future of airlines.
Strong routinely and persuasively bypassed his PR machines to preach directly to the media about airline competition, privatisation and globalisation knowing full well he would end up being the captain of change at Qantas, but as Chris Mitchell has generously explained in Crikey this week, continuous disclosure rules were to end the widespread PR bypass involved in one-on-one briefings by senior managements. (Today’s strategy is all about middle management leaks, but that is another story.)
However, in the cosier corporate world that existed before the competitive tensions that accompanied the reformist agendas of the late ’80s and ’90s, the PR function had become that of reinforcing the image, status and social or political profile of iconic companies at the top. I worked for a while as the ABC Stock Exchange and business reporter in Melbourne, where the power of in-house media lobbying by BHP and WMC was so all-pervasive that the day the West Gate Bridge collapsed the news editor, John Allen, apologised for “dragging you away” from pursuing an important, that is mining company driven story, in my diary.
This was a world in which neither the PR powers nor the major newspapers thought in terms of mass audiences. This was a time when the editor-in-chief of The Sydney Morning Herald thought of his audience as numbering the top 1000 people of influence, residing on the upper North Shore or within two blocks of the shore line from Double Bay to Watson’s Bay. For The Age, the only readers that mattered where those in state government, or Toorak.
The notion of a popular constituency for print was essentially indulged by the proprietors in their afternoon and Sunday tabloids. The broadsheets were about advertising, and influence at the very top, and the discussion at editorial planning conferences was always about making points to the powerful few rather than to the many. The role of celebrity or shallow end social PRs that manage soapie actors or fad diets today was barely known back then.
The PR sector recognised the major papers as being read in Collins or Macquarie Street, and in and around Barton. It did not see them as relevant to the great “unwashed” of suburbia.
However, this situation began to unwind rapidly in the ’90s. Competitive reforms saw the rise of corporate PR aimed more at placing the message sought by the actual employer of the PR (or stopping “rogue” messages from unauthorised sources) than lobbying or profile raising per se. The distinction between a corporate investment in marketing, and the media relations persons came into clearer focus.
Qantas fixed the media power side of things once and for all by reinventing the Chairman’s Lounge, which is to this day, the only place where commercial competitors and senior judges and senior counsel can accidentally bump into each other for light conversation without seeking prior permission from the ACCC or risking an investigation by ICAC.
By the noughties the role of PR had to a noticeable extent been dumbed down to that of alternative content providers for newspapers that have to transfer as much writing to volunteers or self-interested media spin agents in order to stave off collapse. PR had overwhelmingly switched its attention to the mass-circulation constituencies, meaning the pushing of popular and direct messages. Buy this. Drink this. Fly this. Butter/meat/fairy floss is good for you, according to studies by, let’s guess, compromised scientists working for the dairy, meat and sugar industries. Few reporters ask the obvious questions.
The topping and tailing of media handouts was potential grounds for dismissal in The SMH even 20 years ago. Today it is a prerequisite for keeping a job where the prime metric is content provision.
Reporters and proprietors increasingly present themselves as providing media solutions to government, public administration and business, beginning a process that deals them out of the loop.
The PR person is increasingly the reporter.
All that really remains to be done is to give them the passwords or protocols that will allow them to directly file copy that conforms to the style rules of the AFR, SMH or The Age to the clerks that will replace what is left of sub-editing.
Or to the style rules of Eric Beecher?
Harsh, perhaps exceedingly so in the last four pars, but not without truth either.
I too remember those days as a newspaper cadet climbing those Jacob’s ladders onto incoming cruise ships.
That was much more fun than working, as I did later, as a magazine writer. Then you were rolled into a hotel room for an “exclusive” 30 minute pre-packaged message from a celebrity having already been briefed by the PR on the topics that must not be broached.
So Ben, as an aviation writer do you accept upgrades and free holidays?Or is that still the exclusive province of the lifestyle travel writers? You know the ones – they write how lovely it is at this newest, hippest, hottest, hugely expensive five star over the water resort that they could never afford on their wage.
I used to do that and it was fun, but not at all ethical. After ten years as a freelance travel writer, swanning around the world free of charge, I actually started to feel somewhat ashamed – and it must be said a bit bored. How often can any woman write 1000 word articles about the blissful experiences of over-eating and over-drinking – at no cost – in yet another hotel where a room for a night costs the equivalent of a year’s wages or more for the people who make your bed and clean your bathroom.
Also, even with all the free travel, who can afford the tips, let alone the luggage and clothes that won’t get you chucked out of a decent restaurant when the pay for 1000 word travel articles is about half the cost of said hotel room per night?
These days the vast majority of travel pages are filled with thanks-for-the- freebies tributes written either by staff or handsomely superannuated retirees so happy to have landed on this particular gravy train they will even give their work away so long as the publication mentions the hotel/airline/restaurant/resort or anyone else on behalf of whom they are spinning their great big unmarked advertorial.
When it comes to spin the travel industry is topped only by the travel publications that support telling this kind of great big lie to readers.
So congratulations to you Ben Sandilands because you appear to have kept a career alive as an honest reporter, despite the PR flacks. Please tell me you don’t accept freebies.
Liz Johnston
Hi Liz,
I am pretty certain we met back then. I did accept trips, for a while, when I was Herald travel editor, but I took those pages in a fairly independent or consumerist direction that didn’t win too many friends on the industry side, especially with my devising tables listing agents commissions and writing stories about seating discomfort, or everything you need to know about malaria and so forth. Vic Carroll was my editor in chief at the SMH at the time and was an uncompromisingly principled person but when I told him I was refusing a trip to South Africa he bawled me out for having a closed mind, in that we both loathed apartheid, but ‘we’ needed independent eyeballs in the country whenever we could afford them, the price for mine was right, so I was going to go there to ‘observe’ or else. I recall Eric Beecher in the mid or late 80s asking me to do a day-in-the-life of a Qantas pilot, so I did, getting myself invited to do so on a trans Tasman flight by Qantas, going through the entire operation pre and post flight, and flying in the jump seat.
I have also travelled on tickets purchased by Airbus and Boeing to press conferences and air shows, and on domestic tickets provided by Tourism Australia to attend various events. I have actually had the experience of being invited to an urgent briefing in Seattle only to find out that it was a one-on-one lecture from a very annoyed Boeing executive concerning an article I had written about twin engined operations over water for The Bulletin.
The Australian government flew me to Antarctica via Christchurch in early 1979 to accompany Senator Webster on route investigation flights by ski-Hercules for a runway site at Casey. And we went to the South Pole as well. And ‘through’ the Dry Valleys. Air-India flew me and a small band of ANU climbers to New Delhi as co-sponsor with the SMH of the first major Australian Himalayan expedition to Dunagiri in 1978, but Granny made me pay my own way to Lord Howe Island in 1965 on assignment to cover the first ascent of Balls Pyramid, because I was a rock climber, and promised them that for two hundred quid’s worth of backing, I had some friends who I knew could do it. So they peeled off the twenty bricks and told me not to come back if we failed. We succeeded.
There were in truth some superb ‘freebies’, but I wrote them as I saw them, as I always do. The case for being a ‘guest’ has to be overwhelmingly strong, and the stories worth the time and incidental costs, and written independently. There is something quite pleasing in being introduced as “this Australian ass hole we have invited to join us….”
As you will see in the future, some of the stories I intend to write will involve travel, and will be self funded, because I think they need to written that badly, or, heck, its getting late afternoon, and there are still a few things to done before nightfall.
Thanks Ben for your response.
Yes, I think I may have been the Brisbane rep on The Bulletin when you were there.
It’s good when you can take free trips and be independent in your reporting and I see no problems with that. Fairfax have always been great and I enjoyed freelancing for the AFR magazine and Review for a couple of years because you could write what you thought and there were interesting places they’d cover.
But with so few outlets paying so little money I have become totally disheartened by the whole scene of churning out story after story on tedious luxury destinations just to get something like a reasonable recompense for the time spent away from home.Plus of course images for no extra payment.
I think accepting Airbus and and Boeing tickets and the like is fair enough, it’s networking, it gives you insights you can’t get from your office and they obviously accept that you write it as you see it – hence the “asshole from Australia” compliment.
I enjoy your stuff, I see it mainly on Crikey. You’ve clearly built up a good network of insider contacts who trust you.
I’ve had a great time as a freeloader traveller and journalist while still trying to do the right thing in terms of ethical reporting. But, as you say, it’s late afternoon, twilight of the years, fading of the light etc etc and while there are places I’d still like to see I’m very tired of playing the game the way it is played now. Guess you could say I’m raging against the dying of the light or maybe I’m just a grumpy old woman.
Cheers
Liz