You would be hard-pressed to find a more interesting piece of legislation than Bob Brown’s Restoring Territory Rights (Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation) Bill 2010 along with a similar bill covering the ACT. Interesting, because the bill is actually a state and territory rights bill — an attempt to reverse the process by which the NT’s voluntary euthanasia laws were quashed by federal parliament some years ago.
Given it’s a territory rights issue, you’d think the Liberals and Nationals would support it. But of course they won’t, because they oppose voluntary euthanasia.
On the face of it, this is curious. We know that voluntary euthanasia — like legal abortion — has around a 65% to 70% support in Australia, and has had for at least a decade. Yet the Howard government’s early act of overturning the Territory’s VE laws in 1997 essentially quashed any notion that Coalition MPs might be allowed to vote on their conscience.
Why should this be? On the face of it, euthanasia simply does not fit on the left-right spectrum. Nothing someone believes about how the economy should be organised will tell you what they think about life and death. Religion may, but that appears on both sides of the divide too.
But one way in which something like euthanasia is drawn into current left-right notions is when it is redefined not as a philosophical and ethical issue, but as a cultural one, and entered into the culture wars.
The right has become increasingly hardened against voluntary euthanasia over the last two decades, as it has become increasingly addicted to the notion that a state-enforced social conservatism can put some limits on the nihilistic processes of the market, and the disarray that creates.
By enforcing ‘traditional’ values — even when they’ve ceased to be values held by a majority — you can then go hell for leather in uprooting every other aspect of people’s lives. That allegedly creates a stable society. I think it creates an asocial nightmare, red-bull-vodka-CCTV and tasers world, but there you go.
In such a culture — where any notion of the human, inviolable or genuinely conserved is traded on the open market — abstract notions of traditional value must be instituted. One of them is the idea of ‘life’. Whether applied to abortion, euthanasia, disability or a hundred other issues, ‘life’ becomes this abstract quality detached from the process of living by actual beings.
The US is the home of this, and the Tea Party is its ideal political expression — along with the junk laws whereby an embryo acquires full human rights, standard discontinuation of care becomes murder and so on. A fanatical commitment to ‘life’ becomes a way of affirming it, where every other social process — work, consumption, media — treats people as objects rather than subjects.
Genuine liberals and libertarians should welcome voluntary euthanasia as the extension of free choice. Neoconservatives who see limits on personal freedom as an essential step in guarding that other freedom — the freedom of capital in the market — by contrast regard issues like euthanasia as exactly the place where the line must be drawn. If freedom becomes something that reshapes social life, then its current expression as a series of consumer choices is made visible as a pseudo-freedom.
Faced with the undoubted majority support for something like VE, neoconservatives resort to bald-faced elitism. Thus Paul ‘Polonius’ Kelly in The Australian urges Gillard not to become the PM who authorises ‘legal killing’, even though Gillard is, quite properly, treating the issue as a conscience vote.
Kelly fudges the issue magnificently; it’s a real performance. Listing the jurisdictions which allow VE he includes the Netherlands and Belgium, but skips Switzerland — which actually, unlike other places, allows it to non-citizens. Why? Because the low countries have the image of hippy-crackpot zones, whereas Switzerland is conservative sobriety itself. It doesn’t fit the politics, so consciously or otherwise, Kelly excludes it.
How does he deal with majority support for VE? More dissembling, arguing that the 1996 NT debate showed most people believe VE to be discontinuation of treatment. Nonsense. The VE question has been asked 19 different ways from Sunday, and every time it comes with the same result — a two-thirds-or-so approval.
Death machines, plastic bags and suicide pills have become part of the culture. The X hundred pages of WorkChoices legislation — that apparently was a free choice. Euthanasia? Not so much. In The Age Peter Costello, in a magnificent piece of nudge-nudge, intimated that Brown’s VE bill was part of sustainability and death taxes programme — some sort of conveyer belt of the sick into green coffers and sandwiches (‘tell them soylent Green is made from battlers!’).
These positions are irritating to anyone — but all the more so for your correspondent, for I too oppose voluntary euthanasia, and think there’s a good argument to be made against it from the left…
*Part two of Guy Rundle’s euthanasia essay in Monday’s Crikey.
Here’s a digitsied copy of my 1995 book The Last Right: Australians Take Sides on the Right to Die, with essays from 64 prominent Australians, for and against voluntary euthanssia law reform. Some are here dead (Jim Cairns, John Hinde, Jim McClelland, PP McGuiness, Mark Oliphant, Charles Birch, John Cargher; Bob Santamaria; Elizabeth Jolley); one’s in gaol (Marcus Einfeld); some out of politics (Bill Hayden, Michael Wooldridge, Brendan Nelson); and others are still prominent in the debate (Peter Singer etc). But plus ca change….
http://tobacco.health.usyd.edu.au/assets/pdfs/publications/EUTHanasia-book.pdf
I suspect that VE faces a similar problem to same-sex marriage. There is majority support for both of these, but they are not vote changes in the positive but they are in the negative (i.e. few people would change their vote between Lib-Labour on the basis of one side supporting the change, but significant numbers would change their vote to protest support). Those who would be likely to change their vote to a party supporting these policies for the most part have done so already (to the Greens).
Out of interest & truely in devil’s advocate mode – what if this debate was approached from another direction? That is, what if the ‘illegality’ of suicide was removed and in particular, that this is not longer a mechanism for insurance companies to void a policy?
Coetzee wrote in “Diary of a Bad Year” something to the effect that (I’m paraphrasing) the modern state cares not about living and dying, but rather about “life” and “death”, because these states of being are central to the state’s program of administrative control over its citizens. This seems very much of a piece with Guy’s thesis about open-inverted-comma-life-close-inverted-comma. I am not quite sure I agree with it entirely, and Coetzee was writing about the state in general, not just its neocon proponents, but it’s an interesting notion.
Also, Raymond Tallis reckons that assisted suicide is one of the ultimate manifestations of personal sovereignty, so you can see how the State might be challenged by that.
Anyway, I don’t expect my mind to be changed on this topic, but I am looking forward to hearing Guy’s take on it from the quaintly capitalised Left. Guy’s Marxist-contrarianism always makes a refreshing change from the usual msm groupthink…
“Genuine liberals and libertarians should welcome voluntary euthanasia as the extension of free choice”
That is not quite correct. Milton Friedman was adament that there were three areas where the state should intervene and restrict the free markets and free choice of individuals and families; natural monopolies, the existence of externalities or “neighbourhood” effects and where there are paternalistic concerns (i.e looking after children, the mentally ill or those not classed as “responsible”)
Using that framework, you have to weigh up the measures of the choice of the individual (i.e choosing to die) vs the externalities (is society better off with these people dead) and the parental concerns (is the person of sound mind, does the state or family have a responsibility to keep these people alive) before you can say voluntary euthanasia has the support of the liberals.
Speaking for myself, while you could argue the state is better off economically with less health costs and pensions, I would say that terminal illness and pain clouds people’s judgement to the extent that they are no longer classified as “responsible”. Therefore the state (and the family) have a duty to look after the terminally ill and should restrict the use of euthanasia.