The problem with war coverage is just this: we are given a simplistic view of a complex situation.
Consider, for example, counterinsurgency. Most people have probably heard the term. They might even have an idea that it’s about “winning the hearts and minds of the people”. If they’ve chosen to actively pursue the subject, they might know about “Shape, Clear, Hold and Build” — but few will reach even this level of knowledge. This is perfectly excusable; not everyone needs to be an expert on tactics or strategy — but those who are writing about Afghanistan, particularly those strongly advocating positions, surely do.
Far too many people, including interested generalists, have no idea exactly what the plan is in Afghanistan. It’s out there, for everyone to read. Blogs such as the Long War Journal ably describe it. The principles of counterinsurgency, applied in Iraq in 2006 and Afghanistan today, have long been in the public domain. David Kilcullen’s The Accidental Guerrilla is probably in your local library, and his more down-and-dirty summation, Twenty-Eight Articles: Fundamentals of Company-level Counterinsurgency, is just an internet search away. Even the US military’s official counterinsurgency manual is on WikiLeaks. Yet many commentators remain startlingly ignorant.
All too frequently, commentary seems to lean on a kind of dinner-party consensus — “everyone knows” we “can’t win in Afghanistan”, whatever happens “the country will still be a brutal, bloody mess”. An accretion of headlines has become a narrative of pseudo-knowledge, which in turn has become received fact — and now, far too often, we are told by people who have never been to Afghanistan, who would never consider going, and who don’t trust anyone who’s been, that the war is a doomed, bloody waste.
Part of the problem is that military expertise is simply not accepted as real expertise. Current and former military personnel are treated as biased and unreliable. Consider Senator Bob Brown’s admission on The 7:30 Report last night to having never sought a Defence briefing on Afghanistan to confirm his strongly held position; similarly, an academic recently told me that Lateline was irresponsible for interviewing David Kilcullen on Afghanistan, because his position makes him biased. To some, the only time soldiers can be telling the truth is when they’re criticising the war or their superiors.
There’s a reason for this — the toxic legacy of the neoconservative adventure in Iraq lays heavily on Afghanistan. We remember how Colin Powell allowed himself to be browbeaten into lying to the UN, and how retired generals were paid by the Pentagon to lie to CNN. Yet a big part of the Iraq equation was the ignorantly supportive position adopted by the media, which should not be corrected with the adoption of an ignorantly critical one. If we’re going to look for real knowledge of an objective reality, surely we should look to those who have studied it and lived it — if a little more sceptically than we might have in 2003.
Waving away all military knowledge as an irrelevancy has real consequences. Consider the kerfuffle Shadow Minister for Defence David Johnston created when he demanded tanks, additional mortars and more air support be deployed to Afghanistan, based on an angry email from a 6 RAR soldier.
Johnston’s ridiculous sallies ignored two important lessons of Afghanistan. The first is that the overwhelming fire support available to the NATO forces should not be used where it would result in civilian casualties, because doing so only fuels insurgency. The second lesson I will quote from David Kilcullen — “Driving around in an armored convoy, day-tripping like a tourist in hell, degrades situational awareness, makes you a target, and is ultimately more dangerous”.
A mainstream media with access to real military expertise would have laughed off Johnston’s demagoguery as contemptuously as Prime Minister Gillard did. Instead it was treated seriously, and real lessons, bought with real lives, were ignored in the media frenzy.
Counterinsurgency doctrine is not revealed wisdom. There are real criticisms to make and concerns to address. For example, its degree of responsibility for the bloody Sunni-on-Shi’a ethnic cleansing in Iraq needs more examination, as do its roots in the ethnic divide-and-conquer strategies of the former colonial powers; the cost-benefit equation of the war should also be considered, although I would argue the human rights case overrides that. But without real, deep knowledge, these questions cannot be addressed. War coverage is worth getting right.
Andrew Riddle is a journalism student at the University of Wollongong, a former soldier in the Australian Regular Army, and is now in the Army Reserve.
Thanks Andrew, I have to admit I too have been espousing opinions based on my incomplete understanding of what is going on in Afghanistan.
With the accessibility of emails and news now 24-7, it would certainly help to keep in mind that experts do base their opinions on expertise. And unfortunately sometimes those with the loudest voices are non-experts…
If correct, it is interesting to note that Bob Brown has never sought a Defence briefing on Afghanistan…makes you wonder on what information (one-sided, perhaps?) he will base his comments in Parliament’s debate on the matter…
http://currentglobalperceptions.blogspot.com/
I think it is interesting that this article talks about winning the hearts and minds of Afghanis. I wonder how this will be achieved when they cannot even win the hearts and minds of their own side.
It may also help if you study history. The phrase “Winning Hearts and Minds” is used to describe the disastrous counter insurgency campaign during the Vietnam War. In journalism, it’s a euphemism for ‘quagmire’.
History has not been kind to the Afghan people. The ‘Crossroad of civilisation’ has been invaded by pretty much everyone. The country is a conglomeration of many ethnic tribes with no common language and a weak sense of national identity. The US should have break the country up via an orchestrated ethnic cleansing campaign. The Pashtun tribes should be encouraged to form ‘Pashtunistan’ by merging Southern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, then watch the firework as Pakistan plunge into a civil war involving nuclear weapons. With counter insurgency, you want the Afghans to kill each another.
Thanks Andrew, a good article.
The problem we have is with “War coverage is worth getting right” as you say, is that the right’s Australian media coverage is seldom near the truth. I think what your saying is that if we got the truth instead of partisan spin we wouldn’t have gone in the first place. Is it the case of the one eyed leading the blindfolded into war?
A lot of the pro war cheerleaders don’t want anything other than a simplistic view of a complex situation. They’re view of
Afghanistan is “Kill the terrorists!” They’re not interested in understanding complex tribal cultures that go back centuries, the role of Saudi Arabia in financing terrorism, the role of Pakistan or the current corrupt mess that is masquerading as a legitimate government out of Kabul. They like to keep their understanding nice and simple.
The other factor is the patience of the general public in the toleration of political wars. We want our wars the way we like our takeaway food. Quick and simple with a minimum of fuss. Once things start to get messy, bogged down and protracted we then start to complain that we’ve been there too long and we ought to withdraw. Never mind the reasons for entering into it in the first instance or the number of innocent people who die. During the Vietnam and Iraq invasions the majority of public opinion turned only when it dragged on and casualties started to climb.
The other reason for the lack of knowledge is the nature of political war itself. The only reason it is tolerated at all is because the only people who making any sacrifice and are affected by it are those serving and their immediate families. For everyone else life goes on as per normal. Unlike WWII there is no conscription, no rationing of food, petrol, clothing and virtually everything else. Everyone had to do their part because at the time we had little choice. The threat was very real unlike the bogus threats our current crop of politicians drag out regarding Iraq and Afghanistan. How can you blame the majority for a lack of knowledge when there is no reason to seek that knowledge?