Tim Flannery’s radio statement: “If the world as a whole cut all emissions tomorrow, the average temperature of the planet’s not going to drop for several hundred years, perhaps over 1000 years” comes following 30 years since pioneering peer-reviewed climate scientists, such as Wally Broecker, James Hansen and Barrie Pittock, began to warn the world of the consequences of open-ended carbon emissions.
According to the fourth ICCP “about 50% of a CO2 increase will be removed from the atmosphere within 30 years and a further 30% will be removed within a few centuries”.
However, in more recent publications climate scientists of the University of Victoria state, among other: “…While a few centuries may be an appropriate absorption time scale for relatively low levels of emissions, recent studies show it may take thousands of years to absorb half of the CO2 we could potentially emit in the next few hundred years.”
And: “…for emissions similar to known fossil fuel reserves (~ 5000 Pg [= 5000 billion ton]), the time to absorb 50% of the CO2 is more than 2000 years.”
And “We also find that the maximum surface air temperature anomaly is even longer lived than anthropogenic CO2 and that two thirds of the maximum temperature anomaly may persist for more than 10,000 years. For ecosystems that have adapted to a warmer world, slow cooling may be beneficial. Nevertheless, it is sobering to consider that the carbon we emit over a handful of human lifetimes may significantly affect the earth’s climate for tens of thousands of years.”
The paper Lifetime of Anthropogenic Climate Change: Millennial Time Scales of Potential CO2 and Surface Temperature Perturbations by Eby et al. 2009 states:
“It is found that the time required to absorb anthropogenic CO2 strongly depends on the total amount of emissions; for emissions similar to known fossil fuel reserves, the time to absorb 50% of the CO2 is more than 2000 yr. The long-term climate response appears to be independent of the rate at which CO2 is emitted over the next few centuries. Results further suggest that the lifetime of the surface air temperature anomaly might be as much as 60% longer than the lifetime of anthropogenic CO2 and that two-thirds of the maximum temperature anomaly will persist for longer than 10,000 yr. This suggests that the consequences of anthropogenic CO2 emissions will persist for many millennia.”
Instrumental measurements of CO2 and temperatures for the period 1800-2000 suggest consistent overall rise in these parameters, sharply rising from about 1965-1970 (Figure 1).
Historical changes in CO2 and Surface Air Temperature
Model CO2 rise projections, depending on emission scenarios, suggest the rise of CO2 to ~700-800 parts per million for “low” total emission of 1920 billion ton CO2 and to 2200 ppm for extreme emission scenario of 5120 billion ton CO2 (Figure 2).
Model simulation of future changes in atmospheric CO2 composition under differentemission scenarios (1 Pg = 1 billion ton CO2)
In Eby et al’s projections peak temperature anomalies will range between 2.5 and 8 degrees above the present for different emission scenarios (Figure 3), representing sharp shifts of the atmosphere/ocean system to conditions which existed about 3 million years ago and before 40 million years ago, respectively.
Model simulation of future changes in Surface-Air Temperature (SAR) under different emission scenarios (1 Pg – 1 billion ton CO2).
Claims as if the atmospheric residence time of CO2 is about five years apply for individual molecules within the ~200 billion ton annual atmosphere-ocean-biosphere cycle, but neglect the cumulative effect, manifested by the rise in CO2 from 280 ppm early in the 19th century to 391 ppm at present.
Claims as if CO2 rise is driven by temperature apply within the context of the amplifying feedback effects of current global warming but ignore the fact that, whereas glacial terminations were driven by orbital forcing, ice melt and CO2 feedbacks, current climate change is driven by the more than 320 billion ton carbon emitted by human industry. Figure 4 indicates where this carbon now resides:
Thankyou for an excellent (and alarming) clarification.
This is supposed to be ‘clarification’? Clarification of what?
Gavin,
It’s a clarification of the erroneous idea that if global temperatures are going to increase and take a long time to fall again even if we decarbonise the economy immediately, then we might as well do nothing and use up our finite reserves of fossil fuels as quickly as we can.
Here is what a respected climate scientist said of this article when I asked
“The last diagram is probably close to the truth in form but I am not sure
about the units. Currently about 10GtC as fossil fuel is burned every year.
That is the grey shaded ‘source’. Not sure if the deforestation adds another
1GtC or is part of the total source; I suspect it is the latter. These
sources are offset by the various sinks below the line. About 5GtC remains
in the atmosphere (the 2ppm accumulation each year) and another 5 GtC of the
emissions are taken up by the ‘land’ (I suspect they mean biosphere) and
‘oceans’.
If you take the diagram at face value, to immediately cease to emit would
mean that the carbon cycle would be in imbalance to the tune of about 5
GtC/yr excess sink. We would immediately expect the atmospheric CO2
concentration to start falling at about 2ppm/yr. With time the sink would
diminish because neither the biosphere nor ocean uptakes would be as active
as atmospheric concentration dropped; it would be reasonable to assume that
the rate of diminishment of the sink as CO2 concentration dropped would
mirror the rate of increase as it rose. ”
Would the author of the article care to respond and, in particular, to clear up the uncertainties indicated.
Rufus Marsh,
I’m sure you’re probably correct in what you write, but what you’re describing, immediately ceasing CO2 emissions is a highly hypothetical situation. Just to reduce it by 3% per annum would be difficult. To reduce it by 5% (as happened in Russia in the ’90s with economic collapse) per annum isn’t feasible. 100% is impossible.
This isn’t to mean that we shouldn’t be mitigating, but it does show how difficult it will be and that further warming is inevitable.