In addition to the horror of Friday’s slaughter in Norway, there has been the secondary shock of what it has revealed about so much of the west’s attitude to terrorism. Glenn Greenwald at Salon put it better than I can:
“Terrorism has no objective meaning and, at least in American political discourse, has come functionally to mean: violence committed by Muslims whom the West dislikes, no matter the cause or the target. Indeed, in many (though not all) media circles, discussion of the Oslo attack quickly morphed from this is Terrorism (when it was believed Muslims did it) to no, this isn’t Terrorism, just extremism (once it became likely that Muslims didn’t).”
You can follow the links yourself — and more here from Ujala Sehgal, Richard Silverstein and Benjamin Doherty — and see if he’s right, but I find it striking that there should be any doubt about applying the label of terrorism to killings directed at civilian political targets on the basis of an explicitly political-religious agenda.
The only way out of that conclusion would be to argue that terrorism necessarily involves innocent targets, and that, from Anders Breivik’s point of view, prime minister Jens Stoltenberg and members of his party’s youth wing are not innocent. But of course that route is not available to the commentators who have persistently labelled even attacks on actual military targets as “terrorism” — provided, of course, they are committed by Muslims.
There’s also a persistent tendency to try to distinguish between “madness” and “politics” as motives, as if the two did not frequently overlap. But one of the most frightening things about the massacre is precisely how rational it seems.
Breivik’s underlying political beliefs — that Islam represents an existential threat to European civilisation, and that centre-left parties are aiding and abetting it — are hardly confined to the lunatic fringe. And given those beliefs, his actions made sense; in a relatively small country like Norway, he may well have hoped to eliminate a substantial fraction of the next generation of Labor’s political leadership.
This was not a random attack like those that we have seen on subways and buses in Madrid and London. This wore its political motives on its face.
Yet The New York Times, that alleged hotbed of liberalism, somehow managed to imply that having “more political motivations” would take it outside the ambit of “terrorism”.
But even that’s not the worst of. The scariest thing about Friday is how familiar Breivik’s rhetoric seems. His themes — the evils of multiculturalism, the equation of mainstream leftists with Marxism, the solidarity with the most genocidal wing of Zionism — are the common currency of right-wing pundits across most of the western world. It comes as no surprise to discover that he is a fan of Daniel Pipes.
If we applied the same standards as we do to the “Islamists”, Pipes and many others would be under investigation today for “encouragement” of terrorism, or whatever vague word can be found in the anti-terror laws, and his books would be on their way to the Australian Classification Board, or worse.
Let me be completely clear: I don’t believe we should apply those standards. The Andrew Bolts and Janet Albrechtsens of the world should be free to spout their hateful nonsense. But those who choose to give them a public platform should be asked some hard questions.
For years now we have been asking the Muslim world to denounce and dissociate itself from its fundamentalists, and while some of those calls have been hypocritical, it is beyond doubt that many Muslim societies have a problem with extremist attitudes that incite violence.
But if al-Qa’eda is their problem, then Anders Breivik and his like are our problem.
“EU Member States have agreed to regard terrorist acts
as those which aim to intimidate populations, compel
states to comply with the perpetrators demands and/
or destabilise the fundamental political, constitutional,
economical or social structures of a country or an international
organisation.”
https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/te-sat2011.pdf
Sounds like a match.
Certainly the Norwegian police think terrorism fits; that’s what they’ve charged him with.
“For years now we have been asking the Muslim world to denounce and dissociate itself from its fundamentalists, and while some of those calls have been hypocritical, it is beyond doubt that many Muslim societies have a problem with extremist attitudes that incite violence”.
Find me a single religious leader from any Christian church who has in any way supported the actions of Breivik. I sincerely doubt you will find a single one. All have stood up and stated that what he has done is hateful, wrong and completely at oddds with the tenets and beliefs of the Catholic / Protestant / Baptist / Anglican / whoever church.
Where were the Christian crowds out on the street cheering his actions? There were none whatsoever.
Compare and contrast that with the activities in much of the more extreme areas of the Middle East and Asia, where the actions of so-called martyrs are held up for popular emulation, receive the blessings of religious figures such as Bakir and terrorist leaders such as Bin Laden are treated with reverence and fervor.
That is the difference between the actions of one deranged lunatic and those of individuals and groups who claim religious group support and backing to kill large numbers of ‘infidels’ and their co-religionists alike.
Many people have their issues with the Christan churches, but you would be hard pressed to find any supporting mass murder.
Not quite sure I agree Michael. After all the greatest, most horrible terrorist attack of recent times was carried out in Iraq by our very very devout Christians, George, Tony and John. They did this to either general plaudits, or compliant silence from their particular Christian churches.
RICHARDSON: You are raving. Of course this far right-wing Christian fundamentalist Norwegian bomber is a terrorist. The Irish were terrorists during their latest war with England. Yes, fundamentalist Muslims are terrorists when they drive planes into buildings and blow things up. And if my lovely Corsican Granny had been caught trying to blow up people I would have been the first person to call her a terrorist.
Rather than getting into a tizz about imagined racism and whether or not Muslims have been branded as terrorists too easily you would serve a far greater purpose if you were to note how often people who are fundamentally religionist are prone to create havoc by becoming terrorists.
Few things are worse than someone commenting on an act of terrorism who uses this to fuel his/her own obsessions. Terrorism is terrorism. It is a crime against humanity and I hope the bustard fries. I hope you do as well for using an act of terrorism to feed your own warped hypothesis.
Dr Harvey M Tarvydas
A necessary and valuable quality piece Charles Richardson.
@BEN AVELING — Posted Monday, 25 July 2011 at 2:38 pm
Good one, thank you.
@MICHAEL JAMES — Posted Monday, 25 July 2011 at 3:24 pm
You make a virtuous point that most won’t want to deal with but it doesn’t take us where they would fear.
Evolution isn’t something that happened to learn about it is and will always be happening. Evolution of human psychology (and culture) is a faster process than physical evolutionary adaption we think till we get a surprise as to how quick (or slow) that can be.
Just as our western society has evolved to where it can’t or won’t behave as you describe ‘they’ do anymore (it could always flip back instinctively with the right ‘unevolved’ leadership’ like our crisis and fear mongering Rhodes Scholar).
You are describing an observation in evolution where ‘they’ as a group don’t know how to behave (as a group) as we do although individuals amongst them could/are ready to understand, so it’s not their fault.
Similarly, to us Australian and US creatures, these northern Europeans are demonstrating a psychological/behavioural evolutionary advance that we don’t know how to perform yet (instinctive action).
They’re not going to do a ‘Bush, Howard (Blair) seriously ugly racist duet over their ‘terrorism’ tragedy.
We would handle ‘racism’ far more sophisticatedly if we accepted it’s instinctive presence within instead of pretending that it’s just a bit of ‘learned behaviour’ successfully purged.
Remember Australia’s most famous (and pathetic) demonstration of this when Johnny Howard, on the announcement of Obama’s nomination, blurted out on international media “the al-Qa’eda candidate”.
We’ve all pretended that didn’t happen (especially Johnny) because it seemed accidental, non-thinking, not meant but that’s exactly its power as evolutionary evidence.