When the Tokyo Olympics begin in earnest tomorrow, the eyes of the world will be on one of the members of the New Zealand weightlifting team, Laurel Hubbard. The 43-year-old transgender athlete, currently ranked 15th in the super heavyweight category, will be the first transwoman (male-born person) to be selected to compete against women in the female category.
Hubbard, who transitioned in 2011, will join fellow transwomen Chelsea Wolfe (freestyle BMX for the USA), Stephanie Barrett (archery for Canada) and Valentina Petrillo (Italian Paralympic sprinter) on the women’s teams.
For the past 125 years, men and women have competed separately at the Olympic Games. Olympic Games organisers and society as a whole has deemed this necessary to enable female athletes to have safe and fair opportunities for success.
As Helen Joyce writes in her current bestseller Trans: When Ideology Meets Reality, because women’s bodies were designed for childbirth, they have less stable hips and a less efficient gait than men. In addition, the average adult man has 41% more non-fat body mass, 50% more muscle mass in his legs, and 75% more in his arms than the average adult woman.
In 2015, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that “those who transition from male to female are eligible to compete in the female category provided” their testosterone levels were below 10 nanomoles per litre for at least 12 months before their first competition. Hubbard met those standards. But 10 nanomoles per litre is still many times higher than the average biological woman.
Performance enhancer
As disgraced former cycling champion Lance Armstrong knows only too well, testosterone is a very efficient performance-enhancing hormone.
Over the past few years, there has been a rise in the number of people who believe that “sex is a spectrum” and that the notion of the male/female sex binary is “outdated”.
They would like to replace the concept of biological sex with the nebulous concept of “gender identity”. Yet 99.98% of human beings are born unambiguously, immutably and observably male or female, and the material reality of being born into a male or female sexed body cannot be overridden by internal and subjective feelings about gender.
Pitting sex against gender identity in sports policies has caused a collision of incompatible, competing rights. In the name of inclusion, however, international and national sports authorities and organisations are allowing transgender athletes to compete in the category that is the opposite of the sex they were born. Nobody wants to be seen as failing to play along with this notion of progressivism, nobody wants to be accused of failing to demonstrate sufficient allegiance, but nobody is stopping to think about what “inclusion” actually means.
When transwomen are included in the female category, what happens to the women and girls? They miss a spot on the team, they self-exclude, they are withdrawn by their parents, they are silenced if they resist, they lose out on the opportunity for prizes and scholarships and are threatened with loss of sponsorship. Inclusion really means exclusion for women and girls.
A new consensus
The IOC released a new Consensus on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism in 2015. Committee panellist Dr Joanna Harper, a sports transactivist and medical physicist specialising in oncology radiation, supplied a methodologically flawed, self-reported survey of eight non-elite athletes as evidence for justifying altering eligibility for the female category.
This scientifically dubious paper formed the basis for opening up the female category to those who have transitioned from male to female as long as they declared a female identity and reduced testosterone to less than 10 nmol/L, which is between four and 20 times higher than that of biological females.
A year later, committee panellists acknowledged a “paucity of evidence” on this issue, and despite the consensus itself stating that it is a living document subject to emerging evidence, the IOC has chosen to ignore recent research, including by Dr Harper, that determines a reduction of testosterone (obviously) does not mitigate the male performance advantage.
It is extraordinarily naive or wilfully ignorant of the IOC to trust that this will not be exploited by any athlete or nation seeking to gain even the slightest competitive advantage. Hubbard, Wolfe and Barrett are not cheating, they are not breaking any rules, but when transgender athletes are allowed to compete with women it is clear that the rules themselves are broken.
Due to their androgenised bodies, transwomen have substantial and observable performance advantages that are simply insurmountable for a female of comparative age, size and training.
When boys hit mid-teens, the differences between the sexes become acute and their performances begin to surpass those of the most elite females. Allyson Felix, the fastest woman in the world, is annually beaten by 15,000 men and boys. The world champion US women’s soccer team were beaten by under-15 schoolboys 5-2, as were the Australian Matildas by under-16 schoolboys, 7-0.
No matter how hard a female athlete trains, how many sacrifices she makes, or how naturally talented she is, a male’s physiology gives him greater speed, strength, size and stamina.
Weaponisation in the debate
The existence of intersex people does not negate the sex binary. In fact intersex people repeatedly request for their congenital medical conditions not to be weaponised in this cultural debate around gender.
This is exemplified by the repeated, erroneous claims that Christine Mboma, Beatrice Masilingi and Caster Semenya are female athletes who are excluded for having high testosterone levels. These competitors are biologically male with Y chromosomes but were born with disorders of sexual development (commonly known as “intersex”) that caused them to be raised as female. Their exclusion is based on the benefits of a material androgenising effect from male-typical testosterone levels.
The purpose of having separate categories is to provide opportunities for athletic participation to groups of individuals who would otherwise not be able to compete due to insurmountable inherent disadvantages.
We divide sports by age, by weight in combat sports, by size in children’s collision and contact sports, and yes, by sex, as a necessary, reasonable and proportionate means of ensuring the benefits of athletic success are available within those protected categories.
Backed by mounting evidence and the rising chorus of voices that object to the mockery inclusion policies make of female sports, there is an easy answer to this problem. The female sports category must be protected for biological females, and men must start being more accepting and inclusive of transwomen and other gender non-conforming males instead of expecting women and girls to sacrifice the opportunity to play safely and fairly in their own sports.
The hyperbolic statement that males with a trans identity are being “banned” from playing sports is nonsense — they are free to compete in the category of their biological sex, but that would mean athletes such as Laurel Hubbard, Valentina Petrillo, Stephanie Barrett or Chelsea Wolfe would simply be relative unknowns instead of feted as trailblazers on the international stage.
When we watch elite female sporting competitions we want to see the best women athletes the world has to offer.
What do you think? Do male-born transgender athletes have a right to compete in women’s sports, even if it puts female-born athletes at a biological disadvantage? Share your thoughts with us by writing to letters@crikey.com.au, and don’t forget to include your full name if you’d like to be considered for inclusion in ‘Your Say’.
Katherine Deves is a lawyer, and a cofounder and spokeswoman for Save Women’s Sport Australasia.
This article was updated on July 23 2021. Further update September 14, 2022: This article was published before the extent of the author’s anti-trans views were known.
This is an eminently sensible take on the conversation. I wish it wasn’t going to be drowned out by references to “identity” and people’s inchoate feelings. Thank you, Ms Deves.
I am considered part of the “woke” brigade, but also have a science background.
I agree with your take on this! But I can’t imagine it will be too popular.
if you have a science background, then please do some research on the impact on transgender women bodies, bones etc after 2 years on estrogen. You might be surprised.
Research the immutable impact of male puberty on bones and muscles. Or how the male pelvis differs materially from the female pelvis, and no course of hormones will change this.
Transgender women and women’s sports
Thank you for a sensible insight into this increasingly fraught topic. I have been following this discussion now for several years across many media platforms and I am increasingly concerned about the extreme polarisation that is emerging. People who raise any concerns about the impact transgender rights is having on women’s rights get abused and threatened. In the UK, even raising concerns has resulted in women losing jobs and income. Just look what has happened to JK Rowling! I support transgender people, both trans men and trans women. However I do not support efforts to pretend that transgender women are the same as biological women. They are not. They do not belong in competitive women’s sports because their presence excludes women and girls who would otherwise have had a place. This is simply not fair to women and girls. There are those who would argue that excluding transwomen is unfair to transwomen. I address transgender women directly. To them I say – do you really want to identify as a woman and then proceed to behave unfairly to the half of humanity to which you have decided to belong? Some sacrifice is necessary in every life. And believe me – women know all about that.
Just a side note to Donald Newgreen’s comment about lesbians having a potential unfair advantage – please!! This phenomenon is far more likely to be a social construct – that is women in lesbian relationships tend to manage their time, access to leisure, who does chores, child rearing, etc far more equally than male/female relationships. Hence leaving both parties freer to take part in many aspects of society, competitive sport included.
So pleased to see Crikey covering this topic in a rational well written article untainted by ideological fealty to woke progressivism. The word salad illogical knots of those who support trans identified males competing in women’s sports are finally unraveling. No doubt Crikey and Deves will come under attack from the “no debate” crowd, but their bullying and silencing tactics are finally being exposed. Thank you Crikey for your courage. I hope we can look forward to more reasonable coverage of the many contradictions of trans ideology.
Unfortunately you have been conned, as this author does have a particularly ideology, which is to negate transgender people.
Her particular ideology is to ensure the rights of women and girls. Sorry if that offends you.
I agree, well written and thoughtful article.
Boxing has divisions based on size eg featherweight, heavyweight etc. It’s not because they’re trying to be unfair, it’s because they’re trying to be more fair.
the weight divisions in boxing were to make it harder to pick a winner – which in turn made it easier for the bookies to make a buck … “fairness” probably had little to do with it
Instead of “fair”, maybe I should have said “more of an even competition” ?
So if you follow that logic, should we adjust swimming by size of feet, as larger feet give you a significant advantage, or as in the Philippines basketball league, there are only a certain number of players allowed over a certain height?
Boxing is not a relevant reference point.
Decisions about foot size are arbitrary. Decisions about biological sex are not.
Define “biological sex”.
DNA.