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The home care sector — services for seniors so they can live at home and not in residential care — is a crucial component of our handling of the stresses an ageing population will place on the beleaguered residential aged care sector. But a new report from the Grattan Institute has found profound problems.

Home care has grown rapidly in recent years as the government has come under pressure to reduce waiting lists for packages. It announced an extra $2.4 billion a year for packages in its aged care royal commission response this year alone, bringing its investment to about $7 billion a year.

Grattan’s team, led by Stephen Duckett, acknowledges the significant additional funding from the Morrison government. But with demand predicted to increase by 22% by 2025, it wants to see about $800 million a year extra to reduce waiting times and keep them down.

But lack of money isn’t the biggest problem — indeed, the big increase in government funding in the past couple of years and the forthcoming additional funding might have exacerbated existing problems. The extra money being pumped in is luring large numbers of for-profit providers, whose numbers have increased by about 50% since 2017, while the number of non-profit and government providers has declined.

This means large amounts of taxpayer dollars are being wasted, with services like gardening and cleaning being charged at $60 an hour, and about a quarter of costs going to management fees even for the most basic level one services (the government has belatedly announced a review of high administration fees in the sector).

There’s a $10,000 a year difference in costs between the highest and lowest cost providers of level four services. Registration of providers is purely a desk-top exercise “that provides only administrative checks on quality and competence”.

And despite the constant rhetoric of aged care being “consumer directed” — a buzzword for more than a decade — it is poorly regulated, for-profit providers who “set prices, service levels and schedules, and administrative and coordination arrangements. As a result, older people’s home care choices continue to be limited.”

The government has committed funding to regional offices to help people connect to home care services but the report urges a stewardship model, in which people expert at navigating the system act on behalf of consumers to identify what they really need, and who is best placed to provide it — provided there are sufficient service providers available, which may not be the case in regional areas.

Governments have naively relied on market mechanisms to meet consumer needs. Markets don’t work well when there is poor information to assist choice, the product is hard to define, there is poor regulation of providers, and a limited range of providers to choose from.

Home care thus represents the downside of when governments respond to constant demands for more funding while there’s a lack of appropriate regulation and user navigability. It hands power not to consumers, but providers, who can then increase fees to reap the benefits of extra funding.

The other important part of the report is the subject that aged care must always default back to: workforce. There are already high levels of vacancies in the personal care sector. Despite clear evidence for years that pay needs to substantially increase for aged care nursing and personal care workers, casualisation has increased significantly over the past decade (which also affects consumers who want or need continuity of care).

Just to keep up with existing growth in home care packages, the report says, another 58,000 care workers or nurses are needed — a 46% increase. Meantime, the application for a significant increase in pay that has been before the Fair Work Commission for more than a year won’t be heard until mid-2022.

As has been seen in residential aged care, simply tipping in more government money in the hope it makes its way down to the workforce, making it a more attractive place to seek employment, doesn’t work — regulation is required to make sure it reaches workers, and to ensure it leads to improved quality of care, not just improved bottom lines.

We’re spending a lot more money on aged care than we used to, and that’s a welcome change, but we’re still not regulating the sector properly.