There’s been a lot happening in the last few days, but even even at the best of times it’s unlikely that the media would have told us much about Tunisia — where, according to the BBC, anti-government protests have escalated, with schools and universities closed and at least fourteen people killed over the weekend. Should we care?
First some background, for those who may know the country only as a film set for Star Wars. A French protectorate from the late nineteenth century, Tunisia has been an independent republic since 1957. In that time it has had only two presidents: Habib Bourguiba, who led the independence movement, and incumbent Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who replaced Bourguiba in a coup in 1987.
Elections are held and opposition parties nominally exist, but no real criticism of the regime is tolerated. Reporters Without Borders ranks Tunisia a miserable 164th out of 178 in its index of press freedom. As Adam Carr puts it, “Although [Ben Ali] has constructed an elaborate façade of constitutional reform and parliamentary government, in practice he rules as a dictator.”
This is important because it is all too common, especially in the middle east. Western policy helps to prop up dictators who are seen as “moderate”, “secular”, or friendly to foreign investment and/or American foreign policy. Human rights and civil liberties are treated as optional extras, and democracy in particular is often seen as an actual threat.
In the short term, the policy sometimes works. Tunisia is reasonably prosperous and, by the standards of the region, probably not such a bad place to live. According to Wikipedia it is the only Arab country to have outlawed polygamy. It is also good for business; the World Economic Forum last year rated it the best African country for competitiveness.
But supporting autocracy builds up dreadful trouble for the future.
Bread and circuses do not keep people quiet indefinitely, and silencing legitimate outlets for popular discontent just ensures that the explosion when it comes will be all the more destructive. That’s the lesson that should already have been drawn from American support for such dictators as Pervez Musharraf in Pakistan and Hosni Mubarak in Egypt.
Although western policy is supposed to be directed against Islamic extremism, it regularly seems to have the opposite effect, because it undermines moderate oppositions and allows the “Islamists” to appear as the only defenders of clean and honest government. When change can only be achieved by violence, it’s no surprise if the most radical emerge on top.
Tunisia’s current wave of protests started before Christmas – initially over economic conditions, but apparently spreading into broader grievances against the regime. They have been met by lethal force, but it has not yet succeeded in restoring order. Ben Ali, not surprisingly, blamed “an extremist minority” that “has been misleading the young”.
So far, pretty much according to the script for many a threatened authoritarian. But when Iran’s population, for example, rose in similar anger against their government after rigged elections in 2009, western politicians cheered them on and our media gave them blanket coverage.
Barack Obama was even attacked by the right for seeming insufficiently enthusiastic in his support.
On Tunisia, however, nothing. Those critics should be asked what they think about the recent protests: do they really believe democracy is for everyone, or is it just a convenient stick with which to beat one’s opponents?
‘They’ have an obvious deep, visceral hatred of democracy in any meaningful sense of the word. It is only a convenient stick with which to beat one’s opponents.
..and the sky is usually blue and apples usually fall down…
…but you are a jounalist still, in the class sense, as you pretend to the aquired ignorance needed to maintain a shred of doubt on this issue.
Nice article: someone’s read their Herman and Chomsky, eh?
Peace Out.
Mr Richardson, I think the following;
“..all too common, especially in the middle east. Western policy helps to prop up dictators who are seen as “moderate”, “secular”, or friendly to foreign investment and/or American foreign policy”.
might need some revising, particulaly given the French influence in the area.
Tunisia falls within the sphere of France’s interests in North Africa, the American’s have little to do with that part of the world, in part because France sees it as her playground and for decades worked hard to keep the US out.
A little less of the Yank-bashing and a bit more factual reporting in the future please.
@Stephen – thanks, glad you liked it. I’m not actually a big Chomsky fan, but you can reach the same conclusion here from different routes.
@Michael – in the specific case of Tunisia, that’s quite true: French interests are stronger than American. But the sentence you’re quoting was of more general application, and in both the middle east and the world at large it’s American policy that’s usually the driver, so I don’t think it was misleading to focus on that. And realistically, the two don’t usually differ much – Iraq was the exception rather than the rule.
A dictatorship is nowhere as bad as what happened to Algeria next door when the population decided to vote the ‘wrong way’. Those who rules with guns will never willingly relinquish power, and any moderate political forces that is supported by the West will be open to charges of being ‘Western stooges’.
Dear Richardson. Thank you for this great article that really captures the situation in Tunisia.
By the way Algeria had paved the way to a democracy that keeps getting stronger by the day, as opposed to the dictatorship in Tunisia, yes the price was heavy but it’s working. Unfortunately, those dictatorships draw their legitimacy from the same comment as RONNIN8317. They stay in power for decades by making the west believe that if democracy is allowed than terrorists will rule; a complete lie. These are highly educated people, who believe in democracy and deserve to exercise their basic rights just like me and you. The only difference is that they were never empowered nor allowed to have a platform for democracy, to the contrary they were marginalized, silenced, jailed….the government speech and actions are in two different directions…One cannot be surprised if some will end up believing that the only way out is through religion views…Because they were heard…and that’s were lies the true danger….
It is my hope that we act the way we preach and we try to support the same values we enjoy, independently of the country geo-polical position to the US. The Tunisian people are not any different from us and what works here works there too. Remember these are highly educated people who live under an extremely controlling regime and when you keep the pressure on for too long, explosion is eminent. From my many visits to Tunisia I noticed over the years a huge decrease in the middle class, which was the majority before Ben Ali’s coup, a huge increase in poverty and a minority that got rich beyond imagination and surprise…They all belong to the presidents family….Any means are used stealing, pilling government property, taking people’s lands, closing corporations if they can’t guarantee at least a 50% share in the benefits, playing favoritism and jailing who ever dares open his mouth…A MAFIA regime…No wonder why they keep rectifying the constitution and tailoring it to their needs with the blessing of the west to make sure they stay in power indefinitely…So that those people never get trialed…All that will rather result in two things, either a huge explosion or recourse to extremist views out of desperation….So to the contrary of what those government preach, being in power for so long will only increase corruption and lead into explosion…So democracy is a must to guarantee freedom and basic liberties…
After all, the people in Tunis are human being and deserve to voice their opinion and choose their president in a fair and honest process..What’s good for us is equally good for any nation..However those rulers found the way to keep their tight grip and protect their corrupt families for decades…Just by making many believe that it’s either them or the extremists…and unfortunately, people rush to judgment out of ignorance and believe them. It’s time for us to show responsibility and act to defend the values we believe in independently of the nation not only when we have an interest.