Well, as was almost undoubtedly to be expected, international involvement in Libya when it came, came late, chaotic, contradictory and confused- – and was then conducted in the usual cack-handed fashion. The UN resolution was announced, but there was then a fatal delay in acting on it. Gaddafi took the opportunity to announce a ceasefire, which confused everyone, while pushing forward as far as possible with tanks, and getting into the outer suburbs of Benghazi.
The tanks were, by and large, fought back by rebel forces in Benghazi, with some captured, and those further out in the open desert were finally bombed, by various forces. Anti-aircraft and other defence facilities in Tripoli were also hit, from submarine missiles, and there were reports of government buildings being hit, and one of Gaddafi’s compounds. There were almost certainly civilian casualties.
The whole operation — largely involving the US, with smaller roles played by the British, French and Lebanese air forces — quickly became mired in confusion, as some of the Arab signatories to resolution 1973, Qatar principally, piped up and said that it hadn’t agreed to any ground strikes, merely to the imposition of an no-fly zone. Turkey refused to authorise the full establishment of the no-fly zone. Slick it wasn’t.
Nevertheless, it seems reasonable to surmise that an all-out assault on Benghazi was averted, and that the rebels were able to consolidate their position. Quite aside from averting what would most likely have been an appallingly bloody takeover of a rebel city, the attacks have also given the rebel forces a chance to consolidate and regroup. That may well prove to be decisive in the God knows how long to come.
Had some sort of decisive supporting attack come earlier, it may well have allowed the revolution to spread rapidly, and reach the western part of the country. There was no chance of that happening multilaterally, but it might have been hoped that Nicolas Sarkozy could have been pushed, through appeals to vanity, electoral desperation, residual anti-Americanism, possibly genuine notions of French republicanism, and the flattering attentions of Bernard-Henri Levy to strike first and fast.
Quite aside from conferring some military advantage, the crazed unilateral nature of the act would have put the irrelevant question of international law well and truly to one side.
Now, this late and confused action may well have exactly the effect critics charge it with — split the country in two, create an unsustainable stalemate, turn the eastern part into a client of Western nations, etc.
Ultimately all of that may happen, but it still does not even slightly discredit the correctness of the action, or more exactly, of arguing for it from the left. At every level, from the ground up, to the transitional council, there was a strongly expressed desire for international military support.
That cannot seriously be doubted now, and voices raised against it in eastern Libya were clearly in a minority. With a genuinely radical uprising under way, and a request from it for solidarity and assistance, the only possible radical and moral act was to accede to it, and make good on notions of solidarity professed for years and decades.
This latest military engagement has, to be sure, refashioned the politics of military involvement in sovereign countries afresh. The four “camps” (pro/anti war x right/left) were further shattered and recombined. If nothing else, it may have put the old ghost of “guilt by association” to rest once and for all — all weekend on the UK rolling news, right-wing commentators came out against Libyan involvement in language virtually identical to that being used by the Stop the War Coalition — who could in any case draw little broader support, with many of the new student, etc, left grouped around the “anti-cuts” campaign appearing to be in favour of military action, tacitly or otherwise.
The anti-war/anti-imperialist left did not cover itself in glory in this debate — indeed it was riven with debate about what to do when an actual revolution calls upon you to help in a way that you don’t want to, i.e. by support of imperial powers. There were various ways to try and wiggle out of that conundrum, the most discreditable of which was to falsify the situation, with arguments ranging from the demonstrably wrong (“the rebels don’t want our involvement”), to the surreal (“the rebels are winning! The West will simply hold them back!”)
There were a few challenging arguments, most particularly as to whether the West had made the process something that was “all about us”, something that was certainly in evidence in the renewed discussion of humanitarian blah blah blah “our boys” in the newspapers. But ultimately the Libyan rebels, the Libyan people, had made it about us, at least in part, when they had asked for our help in very specific terms.
White people who had spent the past decade wearing keffiyehs suddenly found 19 different reasons why the couldn’t do the one thing that was being asked of them at a time when it really mattered, an act that had to be wrapped up in increasingly archaic and metaphysical theories of imperialism, to render them palatable.
For anyone who though that Libya was one of those rare opportunities where there was a chance to find real solidarity with a people rising up, the refusal of it for reasons of allegedly superior wisdom had the feeling of a final act. There was something utterly bizarre about Stop the War Campaign and the SWP marching against the military action, as an actual rebel city erupted in relief and joy and renewed determination upon its announcement. But, no doubt, this engagement will make fools of us all in the end.
“The UN resolution was announced, but there was then a fatal delay in acting on it. ”
There is a reason it took a while between the decision to enact Resolution 1973 and commence operations.
Very few actually thought China or Russia would sit still for it, even the Resolution’s sponsors.
When they both abstained, the US and European air forces swung into action, some 36 hours after getting the green light. Given some aircraft flew 8 hours or more to participate, it means that from authorisation to action was less than 24 hours, not too bad for going from peace to conflict, especially when you have a pile of different air forces with different rules of engagement, different equipment and capabilities all occupying a relatively small piece of air space.
The need to do all of this while attempting to shoot down any Libyan military aircraft that took off to intercept the allied air forces, made it an even bigger job to coordinate and deconflict it all.
Should it have happened earlier? Yes. But the blame for that lies with the diplomats and politicians. The military forces of the West don’t act until told to by the politicians, so look there for your delays.
“With a genuinely radical uprising under way, and a request from it for solidarity and assistance, the only possible radical and moral act was to accede to it, and make good on notions of solidarity professed for years and decades.”
A troubling question of principle is under what circumstances a sovereign nation can use armed force to quell an insurrection, the aim of which is to overthrow the internationally recognised government of that nation. The government of every nation, under usual constitutional conditions, would consider it a duty to put down armed rebellion. Perpetrators would be treated as traitors guilty of treason and be subject to severe punishment. So why is it OK for rebels to overthrow a sovereign government provided they are “radicals”, whatever that means in this context? Why is it a “moral” duty for other countries to support the rebellion? When would it not be OK? What if the rebels turn out to be hostile to Western powers as was the case with the overthrow of the Shah of Iran? What about the Confederate states in the US Civil War? Should they have been supported by European nations? If the Libyan regime is so bad, why was it not only tolerated internationally but generally welcomed for some 40 years?
The Company has been supporting one of the main opposition spokes-groups for 30 years. You know who they are because the spokespersons all speak with American accents and are totally fluent. Not sure these guys are going to help the mass of Libyans much. They have also been the ones calling for aerial support in the form of a no fly zone by the way. By the way why is the suppression of an uprising in Bahrain and Yemen OK while completely out of line in Libya? This uprising has a long way to travel and the resolution allows for men on the ground by the way – don’t think it doesn’t. It just cannot be called an “occupying force”.
So how long does it take for men on the ground to become an occupying force? Longer than the time it takes to take over the central bank and the oil fields I suspect! My instinct says the British, Italians and French are in it to make sure the Americans don’t take everything as per their Iraq experience. After all, it has been the Europeans who have been dealing with Libya – not the Americans.
By the way, I believe that Libya is one of the few countries in the world, Venezuela and Iran are others, which owns its own central bank and that is annoying for the men in suits.
Iraq was another before the invasion.
My apologies for the perversely excessive use of “by the way”. I came back to this post three times and on each occasion had a “by the way” on the tip of my tongue!
Frank Birchall, please stop making sense and asking sensible questions. Rundle doesn’t know how to respond.