Those who want a picture of the predicament of the Australian media could look no further than a short article on News Limited’s recent purchase of Australian Independent Business Media by Ben Butler in The Age. This completely competent and unobjectionable report is stitched together with more pro-forma disclosures than a Craig Thomson payday loan application. Its dominant parts of speech are nouns, verbs and disclosures. There are more interests on display than a swingers’ party in … well you get the general idea.*
The disclosure illustrates the reality behind much of the current storm of debate around media futures — that behind the hype about the death of independent media and scrutiny are ownership structures so monolithic and inter-connected that the notion of a large independent media sphere amounts to something of a joke. It is not merely the fact that there is a virtual News-Fairfax duopoly in the private print media, but that the duopoly has the capacity to draw in sundry institutions that might develop as an independent voice. Ravenous beasts, they scarf up local papers, central city media, etc.
For anyone from the Left, the week’s events are a genuine setback, and another instalment in the mythologisation of Australian media, and public life in general. For while it’s true that the virtual collapse of Fairfax represents a disaster for the left-liberal side of politics, it also makes visible another aspect of media conglomerates — they are concentrations of capital, with a dual function, the return of profit and the production of ideology.
For a time — from the end of WW2 to the 1980s — those two functions coincided in a liberal, and then left-liberal newspapers. Those mourning the descent of such papers from magnificent investigative, crusading, etc, of yesteryear to the lifestyle section wraparound of today, should remember that until the late 1960s (with one notorious exception) neither paper backed a Labor government in an election. Look back at coverage of Vietnam protests, the Suez crisis, the green bans movement or a million other things, and you’ll find a pretty mealy mouthed, simpering discussion of such.
Then, as part of the social revolutions that engulfed the West in the ’60s and ’70s, for about two decades, The Age and The SMH became pretty magnificent. Funded by the classified advertising “rivers of gold” the papers had the money and the orientation to fund extensive investigative reporting, substantial opinion sections, deep book review sections, and other essential features of a genuine public sphere. As always, one key function of left-liberal media was to exclude a further left (i.e. a genuine left) from the wider public realm, and to police the acceptable political spectrum.
Fairfax-advocates — Fairfaxvocates? — are wont to emphasise the top-down nature of this process. The wise, elite editors who dragged a recalcitrant population into taking a wider look at the world — central among them Graham bloody Perkin — are held up as gods. But the process was as much from the bottom as from the top. Left-liberal glory days occurred during a a postwar world in flux, a more educated and fluid readership, and above all a transitional class — in office work, policy, teaching, etc – neither fully identified with the working class or bourgeoisie.
Thus, the appetite for a type of coverage that saw the world as transformable, had a liberal idea of selfhood and culture, was immense. In Australia it lasted right into the 1990s. Why did it start to die? Many Fairfaxvocates have a myth of the fall as far as that goes — evil, brand-oriented managers sullied the pursuit of pure news and budded-off lifestyle sections, choking true journalism. In fact, the public was changing because the culture was changing — in a world where globalised capitalism had become the sole ideology by which society could be run, the focus of mass interest turned away from the society and towards the self.
Many people simply abandoned the idea that they could change the larger structures of everyday life, and became intensely focused on how their own selfhoods developed. This is the era when Time magazine famously stopped running geopolitical images on its cover, and focused instead on its human-interest story — the family, childhood development, psychological issues, etc. If that is what sells papers, it is because that is what people are really interested in, en masse. If journalists who have churned out their fair share of such material lament the days of news gathering, and progressive campaigning, it is because such a conception of the journalists role gives it a heroic cast — without which it would just be a life of wrapping text around advertising (which seems to be the basis of the News reorganisation).
The shift to the personal and the individual started in the ’80s, and was then taken over by the online revolution and the shift towards a fragmented mediasphere — a fragmentation that is part of the atomisation of social life in general, and with it the creation of an identity politics. Once that occurs, the collective audience for a left-liberal politics is gone — society appears to be an unchangeable machine, politics a set of instrumental processes, and the only reality is the individual self amidst a network of tastes and choices. It’s fair to say that sections of major media management have been more awake to these shifts than many self-aggrandising journalists who feel they’ve been sold out by pointy heads and bean counters, etc.
For anyone on the genuine left side of the equation, the death of this middle formation should be treated as an opportunity, not a threat. Yes, the trajectory of News Ltd into lunar right territory, and the prospect of Fairfax being run by the Rinehart cowboys is terrifying — but in another sense it was always going to happen. Capital was going to return to capital one way or another. Yet, given online costs, etc, in parallel with the august pluralist publication in which you are reading this, it would be possible to create media outlets that are not beholden to that principle.
One of the most remarkable things about Australia over the past century is that major progressive forces — i.e. Labor and the unions — made very little effort to develop their own media outlets. A few radio stations — the greater 3KZ — and that was it. No daily newspaper, no TV stations, etc. They relied on smaller publications, informal networks, etc — and for the past two decades they have relied on Fairfax to provide a forum of sorts. Looking at the next decades, it’s worth thinking big — not $5 million or $15 million projects, but $100 million and $200 million projects, funded from progressive capital and public capital funds under management, to create a new mediasphere, and challenge what will inevitably be a monolithic centre-right duopoly before long.
The question is whether such money and such will can be found, or whether even that vestigial political formation is so far gone that we have drifted into the era of the totally post-political, in which big questions cannot be raised, and those who do could not keep publishing.
*Yes, yes, disclosure, disclosure. Crikey owner Eric Beecher is part-owner of AIBM. I have been a long-time freelancer for Fairfax, and contributed to The Australian during its brief thaw in the early 2000s.
The Age article on AIBM, cited at the top, was written by Ben Butler. Butler and Butcher were in a band together once.
A few significant details are missing from this otherwise useful picture, Guy.
One is the fact that the physical presence of a newspaper, unlike the ephemeral screen life of an internet ‘publication’, is something that actually exists as a physical entity and benchmark in the shared public sphere, or public discourse, and of course also on the historical record. In fact it helps create the historical record, in a way that the internet does not. (It is even possible that the constant short-term grazing and momentary, self-interruptible attention called into being by the internet, together with influences of television, is a major contributor to the shallowness of historical awareness, the end of history arriving in a form that Fukuyama didn’t quite see coming back then.)
Newspapers thus remain the primary starting point of public opinion, as well as of under-resourced ABC newsrooms, for the reason that they are a visible, shared, confirmable entity in the public discourse. And – op-ed aside (admittedly leaving very little else in a newspaper these days) – there is someone backing up their statement with verifiable evidence of some kind, willing to stand by that in legal terms.
Can this be said to be true of 99% of internet publishing? I think not.
And if I cite something of that in a conversation, which is the place where real political exchange and debate (what’s left of it) takes place, I will be highly unlikely to be engaging with someone else who has encountered the same ‘jumping-off point’ for our exchange. In other words, we won’t be talking in a genuinely shared discursive space, the thing that newspapers have constituted through the entire emergence of modern democracy.
That last point IS the point. Wither newspapers, whither democracy…?
I reject the elevation of physical publications as more important or influential than broadcast or on line publications. That is a mere historical artefact, which we now see was temporary. While having shared reading is convenient it is neither necessary nor desirable. Reading sources have diverged since Gutenberg in 1450 and will continue diverging.
If Fairfax moves to the right it will leave the ABC stranded in the centre, but appearing to be left wing. This will increase the pressure on it to move further right.
@Nici Just changed that. What was the band called again?
hopefully new media can push inheritance taxes to prevent gina rineharts from occurring, can’t people just agree no-one should inherit anymore than $10-100m, with total value of estates allowed to be passed on capped at $50-150m. People that harness demand/job creators deservingly get to keep their billions and enjoy it but their pure luck descendants have to pay a hefty tariff, I’m sure they can still make a good fist of it with millions.
Good for the economy too, but would probably need some sort of federal world government for it to work.